[New Square 10] This fall's coldest morning...Winter is just around the corner?

■ Host: Um Ji-min Anchor
■ Starring: Kim Seung-bae, Director of the Korea Natural Disaster Association

* The text below may differ from the actual broadcast content, so please check the broadcast for more accurate information. Please specify [YTN New Square 10AM] when quoting.

[Anchor]
There must have been a lot of people who thought about what to wear to go out in the cold weather this morning. I'll check with an expert to see if winter is just around the corner. Kim Seung-bae, head of the Korea Natural Disaster Association, is connected. You're out, right?

[Kim Seungbae]
Hello.

[Anchor]
Many people said this morning that it's cold, not cold. How much did the temperature drop?

[Kim Seungbae]
The temperature was the lowest in the country this fall. Seoul had the lowest temperature this morning at 7.1 degrees, while Daegwallyeong had 1.3 degrees, inland Gangwon-do, and Gyeongsang-do mountainous areas had the coldest weather.

[Anchor]
It's a lot colder than yesterday. Why did it get so cold all of a sudden in a day?

[Kim Seungbae]
Because the cold air pushed down from the north. These days, cold air is coming down periodically from the north, and autumn rain is falling in front of it. So when the rain stops, so when the low pressure goes east, the cold air comes down from the north and fills the area, and when this new cold air comes down, the temperature drops slightly and then softens again.

[Anchor]
There were a lot of people who asked if fall would end like this. This cold doesn't continue, does it?

[Kim Seungbae]
That's right. It's not like it's cascading down by 1 degree every day. When the cold air comes down like this, the temperature drops slightly, and it is hot in summer these days, but even in autumn, the temperature is higher than in the past, so-called higher than usual. Then, it falls to the average level, which is how much it falls. Then we feel colder because we're so warm and then suddenly the temperature drops, and in this way, the tendency to gradually decrease in temperature is going to be deeper in autumn and the tendency to continue to fall.

[Anchor]
Then, when does fall end and winter really start?

[Kim Seungbae]
In the mountains in Gangwon-do and Gyeongsang-do, Seoraksan has already fallen to minus 2 degrees Celsius. Of course, these areas will feel the winter temperature. Until early November, even if there are similar cases to the average year, it is not such a cold winter. So the full-fledged winter, so the first ice and snow, is a phenomenon that occurs at least after mid-November. So just because the temperature has dropped a little, it's not a lower temperature than usual. So we're in a good time when we're feeling the chilliest for human beings to live.

[Anchor]
Winter will continue to have a large daily temperature difference for the time being until morning, so you should pay attention to health care. What should I pay attention to?

[Kim Seungbae]
It is a natural phenomenon that the temperature rises during the day and the temperature drops when the sun rises at night. With clear weather these days, so if there are no clouds at night, it's like putting on a blanket. So, it is natural that the temperature drops at night, but as the radiation cooling effect is added, the temperature drops significantly. Therefore, in the case of inland mountains, the temperature difference between day and night widens by more than 10 degrees. Then our body temperature is not well adapted to it, so underlying patients such as high blood pressure or immunocompromised people should be careful. So, the temperature is fine during the day and then drops at night, so clothes are very important. You need to wear a lot of thin clothes to control your body temperature. It's also a dry season indoors. So, you should pay attention to health care by controlling temperature and humidity.

[Anchor]
It rained a lot this week, too. It's not like autumn rain, it's pouring like summer monsoon rain, why did it do that?

[Kim Seungbae]
In summer, 60-70% of the rain in Korea almost a year falls in summer. Summer is the time when the temperature is so high that there is a lot of water vapor, which is the raw material for rain that can be included in it, and autumn and winter are originally dry seasons. That's why it doesn't rain much. Recently, after climate change, there have been cases where heavy rain warnings have been issued not only in November but also in December. This year, the late heat wave continued in September, and in October, the temperature remained higher than usual, and cold air came down from the north due to the fact that there was a lot of water vapor in the atmosphere, which is the raw material for rain.

[Anchor]
Yesterday, a strong wind warning and a strong wind warning were issued. In Mt. Seorak, a tree fell and a hiker died. It was almost a summer typhoon-like wind, but what was the reason for this strong wind?

[Kim Seungbae]
The low pressure that caused the rain to fall to the east and the cold air that causes the temperature to drop comes down from the north. Then, the difference in air pressure between the two regions becomes large. It is said that the hardness of atmospheric pressure is great, but in this state, strong winds blow. However, there is a northwest wind blowing from the north, especially in Yeongdong, Gangwon-do, there is a mountain range from north to south. As this wind descends over the mountain range, the topographic effect is added, and the wind is strong because of the wind caused by the air pressure hardness and the topographic effect, and in the case of Seoraksan Mountain, a very strong wind of 36.5 meters per second was blown. If it's 36.5 meters per second, the typhoon we're talking about is 17 meters per second or more, and it's a very strong wind. So a beautiful tree fell down and the tree hit the hiker, causing casualties.

[Anchor]
And yesterday, during the season, it was supposed to be frosty and foliage-colored, but I was walking around the street. If you look at it, you can't see the autumn leaves well. There's still a lot of green, but like last year, does this year end with green foliage, or hasn't it come yet?

[Kim Seungbae]
The reason why the late heat continues now, so this autumn leaves start to turn out is because the green trees cause chemical changes as the temperature drops. However, due to the high temperature this year, the first autumn leaves were reported on October 4th at Mt. Seorak, which also started four to six days later than usual or last year. So, the peak of autumn leaves has not been achieved yet, but today is the 24th, and it is expected to peak autumn leaves on famous mountains across the country between the 26th and 30th, and the colors and the like are different from when the leaves of autumn leaves are very high, but it is expected that the peak of autumn leaves will be around this weekend.

[Anchor]
It's a little late, but you said you could see autumn leaves from this weekend to early next week, but last year and this year. I think autumn is getting shorter and the time to see autumn leaves is getting shorter. What do you think?

[Kim Seungbae]
That's right. We had a really hot summer last summer. Despite September around Chuseok, didn't you feel the heat as hot as summer? This trend of global warming is not going to stop soon. So just as a growing student doesn't get shorter every day, the rate of temperature increase caused by global warming will not be dampened, so we had a very hot summer, and autumn had a high temperature. In the past, Korea was very cold due to its continental climate characteristics, which is a characteristic of Korea's winter weather, and this cold period is shortening. That's why summer is getting longer. We are directly experiencing seasonal changes in Korea due to climate change, and the trend is expected to continue in the future.

[Anchor]
I see. Let's stop here. I was with Kim Seung-bae, the head of the Korea Natural Disaster Association. Thank you.

[Kim Seungbae]
Thank you.