Fire Department "All related agencies such as military units and police are mobilized to respond."

■ Host: Anchor Park Seok-won, anchor Yoo Da-hyun
■ Starring: Professor Gong Ha-sung of Wooseok University's Department of Fire and Disaster Prevention

* The text below may differ from the actual broadcast content, so please check the broadcast for more accurate information. Please specify [YTN Newswide] when quoting.

[Anchor]
Let me connect you to a professional. I'm connected to Professor Gong Ha-sung of Wooseok University's Department of Fire and Disaster Prevention. Are you out?

[Attack]
It's Gong Ha Sung.

[Anchor]
Earlier, we told you through various ministries' briefings that bird strikes and bird collisions will be the cause. Do you agree with the professor?

[Attack]
When you see flames in one engine of the aircraft, you can't see any currents. However, when algae enter the aircraft engine, incomplete combustion can occur and sparks can occur, so it can be seen as engine damage caused by algae.

[Anchor]
Landing gear failed to work due to engine damage caused by tides, should I look at it like this?

[Attack]
If an engine sparks due to electrical causes, the electrical signals can be damaged, causing the electrical devices that signal the landing gear to fail. Depending on that, it can also cause the landing gear not to come down.

[Anchor]
We kept showing you the screen. I also saw something burst from the right engine wing while the aircraft was flying. What kind of problem do you take that as?

[Attack]
The video is not accurate, so I don't go into detail. I don't think we know exactly if it's just a simple engine flame or a bird burned to the ground.

[Anchor]
We've been showing you so far, and it was very shocking. After landing the fuselage. Why couldn't I control it and slow it down?

[Attack]
There are three devices to slow down during landing. The first is called a reverse thrust device, which is to apply the thrust of the engine to the back, and the aircraft is moving forward, and this is applied to the front. When applied to the front, the speed decreases rapidly, and if one engine fails, the reverse thrusters will not operate on one engine accordingly. Depending on that, it can interfere with reducing the speed a lot. Another thing is that it's a spoiler, so when we land in front of the wing, you can see that the wing panel opens up.

As the panel opens, it slows down while increasing the resistance of the air. It's not exactly visible in the video. You need to check whether the spoilers worked properly or not. Another last thing is that the landing gear didn't come down, so the landing gear wheel has a brake device. The brake system was also in a state where it could not be used at all. So, if the sudden acceleration device is activated, it is necessary to check whether the reverse thrust device and spoiler are operated on one side of the engine. So, it doesn't seem to have slowed down because many of the various devices didn't work.

[Anchor]
I heard from the pilot that one engine can usually operate only on the other side when there is a problem, but didn't this part work well, too?

[Attack]
One engine is not exactly known because the opposite image is not visible, but from the attempt to land, one engine appears to have been activated. The only problem seems to be that the decelerators failed to slow down because they hit the wall and led to a fire explosion.

[Anchor]
We keep talking about the weather situation, but do you think there is no meteorological cause in your eyes?

[Attack]
The weather conditions are quite clear, and since it is in Jeollanam-do, the temperature is not that low, so it is judged that there was no problem such as freezing the runway.

[Anchor]
I heard through a briefing earlier, but I think the possibility of defects in the aircraft itself is small. How did you see the professor?

[Attack]
If the engine did not ignite due to the influence of the tide, it can be seen as a defect in the engine itself.

[Anchor]
Isn't it a very extensive damage? If you look at the damaged parts. If you do this much fuselage landing, the pilot said earlier that there are devices to prevent fire, but do you think they didn't work?

[Attack]
Since it was so slippery due to the fuselage at the time of landing, it seems that the explosion occurred rapidly as it hit the barrier at a very high speed. Usually, aircraft fuel is mainly placed on the wing or rear, but it collided from the front, but the impact is so large that it is thought that a flame broke out there and the fuel leaked and the fuel led to an explosion.

[Anchor]
There are reports from informants and witnesses that the crash landed because it made a boom during the two landing attempts. In addition to the landing gear, flames were also seen on the wing, so can you estimate other causes?

[Attack]
The general cause of aircraft accidents can be attributed to engine failure or because the landing gear does not come down, most accidents occur during emergency landing. In addition, depending on the situation, it is possible to estimate the pilot's negligence, such as the aircraft's landing gear not automatically lowered, but not manually lowered.

[Anchor]
There are concerns that there will be more casualties if passengers who were on the front or in the middle of the aircraft are included. Can the life and death of passengers be determined depending on the seat?

[Attack]
I think so. Because I think it can be an important part depending on the location of the emergency exit. The emergency exit is usually located on the wing side and at the front. That's why if there were people in the rear seat, the distance to the emergency exit is quite far. That's why it will take a lot of time to escape and there will be quite a lot of obstacles. It is judged that there may be many deaths as a result.

[Anchor]
Isn't it that the fuselage landing is in the manual in the worst case? But in the worst-case scenario in the manual, I followed that manual, but why is there so many casualties?

[Attack]
It is also necessary to consider the runway characteristics of Muan Airport. Muan Airport has a fairly short runway length. It is said to be about 2,800m. Incheon International Airport is about 4000m. Gimpo International Airport is about 3,600m and Gimhae International Airport is about 3,200m, but it is less than 3,000m. So if you try to land the fuselage, the landing length will inevitably be that long. Since the fuselage lands in a short situation, the landing length becomes longer, and I think this accident occurred due to the inevitable collision with the barrier. If there was some additional ability to operate with one engine, I think it would have been better to move to a longer runway rather than Muan Airport and try to make an emergency landing.

[Anchor]
From what I can see, isn't it that they've been reinstated to try to land again? Were there any measures that could be taken in the course of the return?

[Attack]
There are two ways. It's a way to take measures like lowering the landing gear again. I think maybe those measures have been taken by the pilot enough.

[Anchor]
Are there any measures that can be taken at Muan Airport in the process of communicating with the control tower?

[Attack]
Since Muan Airport allowed an emergency landing, it is judged that the control tower and the pilot attempted an emergency landing.

[Anchor]
You said that you had no choice but to land on the fuselage like this because it was an emergency. If there is an accident during landing, will it inevitably cause more casualties?

[Attack]
In the fuselage landing, there is a lot of frictional resistance, which can cause sparks, which can lead to a fire. As I said earlier, the longer the landing length of the runway, the higher the risk of collision with other barriers and such, and the other thing is that it would have been nice to leave the runway and turn toward the grass instead of going to the barrier. In this case, it is not easy to change direction for the fuselage because the landing gear has not come down.

[Anchor]
Earlier today, an accident was reported at around 9:03 a.m. and it was first reported at around 9:40 a.m. It's been a while and it still seems like it's taking a while to find the missing or other passengers. What part of the time is being delayed?

[Attack]
It inevitably takes a lot of time because the search operation is carried out by digging up the debris one by one. If certain equipment is mobilized, the survivors may be in great danger, so fortunately during the misfortune, rescuers will perform detailed rescue operations manually, which will have delayed a lot of time.

[Anchor]
I've been showing you videos at the time of the accident, but it was such a sudden crash that there wasn't enough time for the crew and passengers on the aircraft to wear seat belts, right?

[Attack]
Since the return was made once, the crew will then fasten their seatbelts to passengers and make an emergency landing. I think we've done enough of this announcement. When I listen to the opinions of some of the people who stated, there is a story like this that as soon as they collided, people jumped out. Maybe those people were wearing seatbelts. I think it wasn't wearing it. In such an emergency situation, it is more effective to wear the seat belt until the end and then remove the seat belt and evacuate quickly when a collision or fire occurs according to the crew's guidance.

[Anchor]
Breaking news came in during the connection, so I'll give you a short message. The presidential office held an emergency senior meeting this morning presided over by Chief of Staff Jeong Jin-seok regarding the aircraft accident in Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do. This is the result of the meeting. The presidential office has just been informed that the presidential secretariat and the national security office have decided to maintain a 24-hour emergency response posture, centering on the state affairs office. Professor, I'll keep asking you questions. We're showing you how we land on the fuselage. I'm telling you earlier.The front part of the hair is floating. What do you think of this part? What are the characteristics of landing the fuselage?

[Attack]
Are you saying that the head is floating? I also think that people have moved to the back because there is a risk of collision in the future. In addition, if you land only as a fuselage, there may be a situation in which the front part may float due to the influence of the wind.

[Anchor]
I'm showing you the video at the time of the accident. The fire is soaring and the black smoke is rising. Regarding the aircraft accident, I also asked a question about the floating part in the front. What steps do you need right now?

[Attack]
First of all, it seems that there is a possibility of survivors through search operations, so it seems necessary to do our best to rescue even one more person.

[Anchor]
There is news that the presidential office has also decided to maintain an emergency response posture 24 hours a day, and soldiers were also deployed through the field earlier. What are the responses related to firefighting after the military has been deployed? The first visit has already been made, but what kind of cooperation do you think is necessary?

[Attack]
Most importantly, it is important to focus on finding survivors by turning over the debris one by one. In finding survivors, I think it is most important to use thermal cameras and sound detection equipment to find and rescue survivors faster.

[Anchor]
They said it's important to find a black box, but given this level of fire or damage, shouldn't we keep in mind that it's impossible to secure a black box to some extent?

[Attack]
In general, black boxes are quite sturdy, so unless it's a very special case, I think black boxes will exist to some extent, and internal pilot's voice and data records will be well stored.

[Anchor]
I think this part needs to be investigated further, but we continue to deliver the video at the time of the accident. Is it possible that the passengers inside bounced out because they were hit hard?

[Attack]
That's possible. Even if the external fuselage is damaged and even the chair is wearing a seat belt, it is sufficiently judged that even the chair can protrude out due to a collision. In general, if such an accident occurs, the aircraft has that principle to escape within 90 seconds. It's golden time. In other words, it's only about a minute and a half. If the aircraft does not escape within that time, the possibility of survival due to a fire explosion is quite slim, so we see the golden time in the aircraft as about 90 seconds.

[Anchor]
I see. I'll stop listening to it. So far, I've been with Gong Ha-sung, a professor of fire and disaster prevention at Wooseok University. Thank you.