[News Now] Investigation of the cause of the Jeju Air disaster begins...Will the last 9 minutes be revealed?

■ Host: Anchor Jeong Ji-woong
■ Starring: Ko Seung-hee, professor of aviation operations at Silla University

* The text below may differ from the actual broadcast content, so please check the broadcast for more accurate information. Please specify [YTN NewsNOW] when quoting.

[Anchor]
Regarding the plane disaster, the voice recorder is being restored as a voice file, and the flight recorder will be sent to the United States for analysis.

For more information, let's talk with Ko Seung-hee, a professor of aviation operations at Silla University. Welcome.

I think we can usually classify black boxes into two, but first, we will explain about the voice recording device. This is being analyzed now, but it is tomorrow at the earliest, and it may come out as early as today. It's coming out like this right now.

[Ko Seunghee]
I heard that the CVR and audio recorders play an important role in identifying the cause of the accident, and that the audio recorders are being converted into audio files. When the data is secured, the contents of the conversation in the control room and the communication with the controller are included in it. When operating any equipment during the procedure, it is not just silent, but during call-out, it is necessary to lower the landing gear, use the flap, increase the power lever, or set the altitude. And I think the outline of the accident will come out right away because it contains all the details of how the flight attendant cooperated, communicated, and asked the controller for help.

[Anchor]
This time, we will also look at the black box flight recorder. There is a report saying that the connector is lost. First, please explain what role the connector plays.

[Ko Seunghee]
I understand that connectors are simply connecting equipment, and if the pin is a problem, it may not be common because the manufacturer has its own patent or has a special design.

[Anchor]
I'm showing you the video right now, and this is the video storage device, right?

[Ko Seunghee]
It's HANUEL. If you cooperate with Hanyuel's production company, I think there is no problem in restoring the data because the original data is preserved as it is inside.

[Anchor]
If you just think about it simply, you might think that if the connector is lost, or if it's gone, you can take another connector of a similar device and replace it, but this doesn't seem to be the case.

[Ko Seunghee]
Since the equipment itself is not a general equipment, it is not a general commercial equipment, but a specially designed and special product, there may be patented parts, and the manufacturer may be an adapter that they only use to occupy the market, so I heard that Korean companies are developing several black boxes, but I think it is right to cooperate with the manufacturer because I think the adapter does not fit.

[Anchor]
You explained earlier what things are recorded on the voice recorder, so what contents are recorded on the flight recorder?

[Ko Seunghee]
The flight recorder literally refers to the movement, trajectory, altitude, speed, direction, and state of the engine. When it was output and when it decreased. There's a movement of the main equipment. The movements of the landing gear or flap or power lever. All of those things are recorded.

[Anchor]
We can't compare this, but compared to the voice recording device, it's recorded in more detail, can we see it like this?

[Ko Seunghee]
Since they are not perfect with each other, I think it is a data that can be reviewed in both directions by complementing each other. So you shouldn't look at just one, but you have to look at the data while verifying each other in both directions, so you don't just look at one data. In fact, the cause may come from the current voice recorder, but there is another detachable hard disk that we operate on our own by the airline, so that disk also has flight data. I understand that the flight data is currently being monitored by the supervisory authority. I understand that the recorder also has no problem identifying the cause of the accident because all the records of the FDR level are there.

[Anchor]
Flight recorder, or FDR, is expected to be sent to the United States for analysis, but Boeing is an American company, right? That's why there are concerns that it's being analyzed as biased.

[Ko Seunghee]
I don't think so. Because our aviation authorities will participate, the Federal Aviation Administration and the U.S. authorities will participate, and the airlines will participate, and there are insurance companies that need to compensate for accidents, and there are other disaster insurance companies. Since there are large insurance companies in the United States, I don't think you need to worry about that at all because they are not analyzing it unilaterally alone but in cooperation with each other.

[Anchor]
The South Korea-U.S. joint investigation team has also begun a status investigation into the wreckage of the gas engine. What additional parts will be revealed by this survey?

[Ko Seunghee]
We're also interested in the landing gear because it hasn't come down, so the position of the landing gear lever is the position of the power lever because I'm most interested in it, and because we're assuming that it's a bird collision, the traces of birds in the engine. We have to investigate all feathers and blood. Also, what kind of chart the pilots saw at the end was, and there must be a system, textbook, or regulation that the pilots want to refer to at the end. Because basically, we memorize it, but we can make mistakes, so I think there must have been efforts to check those books and procedures until the end. And at the end, when I saw that the right engine was slightly activated and opened, I thought for a moment that it was hydraulic and the engine was alive, but it could be, but at the moment of impact or engine damage, the price was reached, so maybe the lock was mechanically unlocked and half open. I'm guessing in both directions.

[Anchor]
Bird collisions and other possibilities are raised, but if the 2 black boxes are completely restored, will this part be recognized accurately?

[Ko Seunghee]
That's right. The black box is a fly data record. From there, the flight data is clear, and the conversation records are clear from the CVR voice recorder, so there is clearly data on what procedures the pilot performed and how the crew collaborated, and there is clearly FDR-level flight data inside the external hard disk that the airline has.

[Anchor]
The pilot of the aircraft called out May Day at 8:59. But it is said that the location information disappeared a minute before shouting May Day. It's said that the location information has stopped being transmitted, but if so, what if all the power is shut down at that moment, can it be analyzed like this?

[Ko Seunghee]
I'm afraid not. The power shut down all at once. Rather than saying that, the generator is operated when the engine is running and the generator generates electricity, so it supplies power to the instruments and equipment. If the two engines do not work and the generator does not work, electricity does not come out, so we have to use the battery power that can be used as an emergency for more than 30 minutes so that we can fly with only the main equipment and the main instrument left. The other non-essential parts and equipment are designed to cut off the circuit.

That's why it may be blocked or not used because the current programs that we can track the flight's trajectory will be recorded here on the radar of Gwangju Airport, there will be records on the Muan control tower, and there will be data on flight radar operated by private companies, flight radar operated by private companies, flight wear, and private companies. If we ask for data, the data can be sufficiently released, so the power was cut off and it didn't work at all. There are records of all the routes that the plane's track traveled, so we can see them all later.

[Anchor]
Then professor, I don't understand this, but as long as power is supplied to the cabin, location information is supposed to be transmitted. But the location information was not transmitted. Then, is there a case where the power does not stop and the location information cannot be transmitted like this for other reasons?

[Ko Seunghee]
That's something we don't really understand either. Because the equipment is not important, I think that part, in order to operate the important equipment, that part may be turned off.

[Anchor]
If the engine breaks down and the power goes out, or if it is not possible to operate automatically, it has no choice but to control it manually. To what level can it be controlled?

[Ko Seunghee]
In the manual provided by the manufacturer now, altitude is the most important thing when the two engines are turned off. How high are you at? That way, the wind direction will change while energy management while converting that altitude energy into velocity energy, but it's a close distance. For example, if it's 10,000 feet, it's 30 miles, and if it's 30,000 feet, we can fly more than 100 miles. Then, if there is no altitude, it is a situation where you cannot calculate it. When there is an altitude, even if there is no engine, it is basically a situation where you can go far. But can you keep flying? It's not like that, but if two engines are malfunctioning, it will descend in the form of a glide because there is no electricity and no thrust, and at that time, the things we can control are powered for about 30 minutes of the aircraft, which is essential equipment.

That's why you have to get off quickly because even the power will disappear after 30 minutes, and at the nearby airport. Next, when the two engines are negatively operated, there is no hydraulic pressure, so large equipment that is operated by landing gear, flaps, or hydraulic pressure does not work. And flight control. The steering wheel will harden. 10, 15 minutes because the steering wheel hardens. The manual provided by the production company says it's 30 minutes, but if you actually try it for 10 or 15 minutes, the control is solidified after that, so it's difficult to turn around, so I think everything should be solved in that.

[Anchor]
It's not yet clear what happened to the power during the flight, i.e. landing, but if the power went out in that situation, could the black box all go out at that moment as well?

[Ko Seunghee]
That's not true. So, as I said earlier, the battery. There's the last battery, and as it might come out later, there's another auxiliary engine at the back of the aircraft. Since APO has power, if you turn the engine around, we've prepared to use it to use the air conditioner on the ground, and when it's urgent, you can use it as an emergency power source. There is such electricity, and even so, there are about three radio communication equipment in the cabin depending on the battery, which varies from airline to airline and regulations, but there are about three, and Radio 1 is connected to the battery. Therefore, even if the engine fails to operate and the generator does not produce electricity, Radio 1 is operated in Battery 1, so I think I was able to communicate with the control tower until the end.

[Anchor]
When you look at the aircraft landing on the runway, isn't it relatively intact at the beginning? Then, there was an unfortunate situation where it exploded when it hit a concrete hill, but I don't think I have to talk about this hill. What do you think of this blunt object, material, location, and appropriateness?

[Ko Seunghee]
In fact, it was possible to know because I shocked the end of the runway at such a high speed, and even though I flew for a long time before that, I was not aware of the fact that the mound was made of concrete. So I found out this time that it shouldn't be hard and it should be flexible. However, as you know well in the field of such facilities, the pilot and captain did not know much about it. Of course, from the perspective of the pilot and captain, if there is a problem with the aircraft, they control it safely and land safely. Even if I land safely and land safely, even if I slip and leave the lawn, of course, the captain made the landing assuming that even if I hit the aircraft against the fence, it would continue to passengers' escape. When I landed at this airport after the fuselage landing, I could never have expected that the aircraft would be destroyed by going to such a stone block at the end and hitting such a structure.

[Anchor]
I don't know exactly whether the captain who drove the plane now knew beforehand that there was such a hard structure, but if he did, I suspect that he could have taken some action before the actual collision. What do you think?

[Ko Seunghee]
Basically, I assume that I don't know. Because what you don't know is that if you don't do that, it should be disclosed in publications published by the government. All of them should be reflected in the airport procedures, and then we should be informed by the Air Notification and Notice System to be careful that these airports have these things, so whether it's safe for operators that operate airlines. In addition, if it is correct to prepare a response procedure for the pilot to respond to it, maybe from a pilot's point of view, we should not maintain the central line after landing, as our job is to protect the central line. It's a situation where you have to educate yourself. But I didn't get that education or training while I was flying. Then this captain wouldn't have been aware of that either. So if I knew, I think I tried not to maintain the center line in advance, but to slide it in advance and go out to the lawn in advance.

[Anchor]
It is said that there is an aircraft forced brake system called Imas on the runway. It is said that this is not installed in our country. Please tell us what it's like to be an E-mas and what overseas cases are like.

[Ko Seunghee]
These are not equipment that we've been studying very deeply recently, but we're basically using hooks used on aircraft carriers, barriers used by fighters to get off, or nets. I understand such equipment, but this equipment is understood as a system that boldly reduces speed by creating a buffer zone when invading the safe zone at the end of the runway, and I think it is necessary to analyze the effect of whether or not to install these equipment after looking at the traffic volume at the airport.

[Anchor]
First of all, looking at how the voice recording device comes out, I think we can get a closer look at the situation at the time of the accident.

We will also deliver the results as soon as they come out.

We talked with Ko Seung-hee, a professor of aviation operations at Silla University, after the Muan Airport disaster. Thank you.