A specialist, the flu.70% of immune cells need to be healthy to prevent it.

[News FM Lee Ik-seon Choi Soo-young Issue & People]

□ Broadcast date and time: January 10, 2025 (Fri)
□ Host: Choi Soo-young
□ Cast: Lee Sung-dae, Director of Seoul Port Surgery

* The text below may differ from the actual broadcast content, so please check the broadcast for more accurate information.


◆ Choi Soo-young: Let's recharge here after a week of exhaustion. Time to return every Friday afternoon, knowledge of health <gun. Jeon.J> Today, I will be with Lee Sung-dae, the head of Seoul Port Surgery. Please come in.

☆ Director of Seoul Port Surgery Lee Sung-dae (hereinafter referred to as Lee Sung-dae): Good afternoon.

◆ Choi Soo-young: Many of our listeners are waiting for Friday afternoon. It gives you healthy knowledge. Today, many people seem to overlook that we have immunity and immunity, but in fact, it is directly related to intestinal health, so today we will look at intestinal health. If you have any questions about it, please text us and we will respond immediately before the director is finished. The flu is in vogue. So everyone is very interested in immunity, but the height of immunity. There is a saying that 'the most central core of immunity lies in the intestine', but is this correct that 70% of actual immune cells are distributed in the intestine?

☆ Lee Sung-dae: Correct. Our intestine is the largest organ responsible for mammalian immunity. There are immune cells called T cells in the intestine. That's one of the commonly referred lymphocytes. These cells are cells that can control inflammation well and improve immunity while maintaining intestinal health. It is known that there are about 70% of these cells in the intestine, so the intestine is known to be responsible for 70% of immune function.

◆ Choi Soo-young: Really intestinal health is the most important issue of immunity. We heard that activating immune cells is 'enteric bacteria', but we only know about lactobacillus when it comes to intestinal bacteria, but it activates immune cells? I've never heard of it before.

☆ Lee Sung-dae: That's right. It is true that intestinal bacteria activate immune cells. The commonly referred to intestinal bacteria refers to the microorganisms in this chapter. People often use the expression microbiome. When food comes in, our body can only break down and absorb a part of it. We can't absorb much of the rest of the important parts. However, these intestinal bacteria decompose those substances and convert them into substances that are essential for our body and absorb them. Then, the substances that have been converted and absorbed are fed to immune cells. I'm giving you energy. If you give it that energy, immune cells become active, preventing infections that can occur when pathogens come in or immunocompromised, and giving it strength to overcome them.

◆ Choi Soo-young: So no matter how good the food or nutrients are, it's useless if the intestines don't rearrange them?

☆ Lee Sung-dae: Correct. The diversity of intestinal bacteria and their numbers are very important.

◆ Choi Soo-young: I see. Each person has his or her own gut flora. Does this mean that each person has different bacteria?

☆ Lee Sung-dae: Yes, to some extent. Most of them are similar, but they vary slightly from person to person. When I'm in my mother's stomach, it's sterile. You get microorganisms as you come out of your mother's stomach. Microorganisms are obtained through the quality of the mother and microorganisms are formed by eating some of the feces. Microorganisms are created depending on the food and living environment as they grow, and the composition itself changes little by little depending on the acquired eating habits and living habits, and the number can be very different. I've studied it. Microorganisms used to talk about 100 trillion won in our bodies before, but when we conducted a research survey in 2016, the number was about 38 trillion. But it's still incredible. And it is said that there are about 100 to as many as 400 types. There can be a lot of different types of numbers. Therefore, it can be said that each person has different microorganisms and intestinal flora.

◆ [CHOI SOOUNG] So that's what it means. There are as many as 400 kinds of intestinal bacteria, what happens if the balance is broken?

☆ Lee Sung-dae: It's a very big problem. That's called disbiosis in our professional terms. When it becomes a condition called disbiosis, the number of intestinal bacteria and intestinal microorganisms that I mentioned earlier decreases significantly. And it also drastically reduces its diversity. These roles of intestinal microorganisms serve to feed and energize immune cells, but if the number and type are reduced, the process of giving energy is reduced. Then, your immunity drops significantly, and when pathogens enter your body, you become unable to defend yourself, so you fall into a disease. Locally, enteritis occurs when the intestines are inflamed. When these things get worse, bacteria go through the barrier and spread gradually, pneumonia, sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease known as autoimmune diseases, asthma, and pneumonia are all associated.

◆ Choi Soo-young: So if the defense mechanisms don't work in our body, it can cause complications and all kinds of diseases come. It's really important. We're often comfortable with our intestines, and our brains are comfortable. It's not a four-character idiom, so-called intestinal auditory meatus, but there's a medical term anyway. The health of the intestines is directly related to the brain. That's why it's very important. I think it's right to say that everything starts with the intestine, not just the mood, but I heard that the health of the intestine is directly connected not only to the mood, but also to very important factors in everyday life such as cognitive ability and sleep.

☆ Lee Sung-dae: Correct. As far as I know, the word jang Cheong Cheong Cheong is probably from Donguibogam. I think you're really amazing. Our ancestors knew then. At that time, I couldn't do research or look under a microscope, but I don't know how you knew so well. Recently, I've done a lot of research on that. Then, as I said earlier, I told you that intestinal microbes convert and absorb food into what is needed when you eat it. One of them is a substance called tryptophan. I'm sure you've heard of it. Some places have been introduced as nutritional supplements in the market. When we absorb that substance, it turns into a substance called serotonin, which governs our mood. Serotonin is converted to the next substance, which can then be converted to a substance called melatonin. It turns into melatonin, which is in charge of sleep. Intestinal health is important because the ability to absorb it can be changed into substances that can change our body's sleep and mood.

◆ Choi Soo-young: Then they say, 'The intestines are the second brain.' To put it the other way around, do people with active brain function have good intestinal function?

☆ Lee Sung-dae: It is correct to some extent. Research has shown that the brain, intestinal, and intestinal microorganisms are all connected together. I've just told you that it can affect the brain from intestinal microbes, and what can affect the intestines in the brain is neurotransmitters that flow out of the brain. Then, the movement of the intestine, the condition of the mucous membrane, the amount of mucus secreted from the mucous membrane, and the motility change. Because of those things, intestinal microbes are also affected, so the condition of the intestine can also change depending on brain function. In actual situations where the brain is under a lot of stress, the intestinal function becomes active, and your stomach may hurt, or you may feel a lot of gas. What can happen is that it affects the intestines in the brain, so phenomena occur.

◆ Choi Soo-young: When we often say that we feel comfortable inside, it's not that we're talking about comfort in the stomach, but it's comfortable including intestinal health. In our lives, our stomachs should be comfortable, defecated well, and our stomachs should be comfortable to feel good and concentrate well. If you're upset and uncomfortable, you get annoyed and can't concentrate.

☆ Lee Sung-dae: I can't focus. It's because it's all related.

◆ Choi Soo-young: I guess that's what people used to know. For those who wrote Donguibogam, where did you go and see it as a causal relationship because people who are cool in the bathroom live comfortably and write well? Knowledge to deliver Friday's second part health <Geon. Jeon.J> Today, I'm talking about intestinal health with Lee Sung-dae, head of Seoul Port Surgery. Director, I'm going to lose weight this year in the New Year's diet. There's a saying that intestinal microorganisms determine weight management one of the key points of diet. Is this accurate?

☆ Lee Sung-dae: Correct. There are a lot of people who say, "I'm the type to gain weight just by drinking water," and "I don't lose weight at all even if I work hard." I did a study to check the microorganisms in their intestines. It is said that intestinal health and obesity are related. We conducted research in the United States. When comparing the intestinal bacteria and slim people of obese people, there was a report that there were particularly many microbiota in obese people. Based on the research results, there are many studies showing that normal mice turned into obese mice when these microorganisms were extracted and injected into mice, so there are many studies showing that intestinal microorganisms are also related to the body shape of the obese body.

◆ Choi Soo-young: Didn't the research result come out once with the word 'fat bacteria'? Actually, it's a little uncomfortable depending on what I hear. Is there a bacteria that makes fat? You're saying that fat bacteria actually exist.

☆ Lee Sung-dae: To be honest, it's not true. Because of the research results I just told you about, some bacteria were named Fatty Bacteria. However, when fat bacteria were injected into other people after that, they did not necessarily get consistent research results, and it was recently found that the bacteria themselves were not harmful bacteria known as bad bacteria, so the bacteria known as fat bacteria do not actually exist. If I express it, it's microbarium, which makes fat bacteria. I think it would be accurate to say that there is a mass of intestinal bacteria.

◆ Choi Soo-young: Those bacteria cause such bacteria. In fact, there are no bacteria that make people obese like that. As there is a lot of interest in health these days, there is also a part to study diseases by transplanting healthy human intestinal bacteria into patients. There are talks about this, but if you transplant a healthy person's intestinal bacteria into a patient, will it be applied equally to the patient?

☆ Lee Sung-dae: Correct. That's a treatment method called 'fecal transplantation' that came out recently. People with chronic diseases or those with distant immune systems are easily infected. Gut bacteria when there is such an infection. As I mentioned earlier, there are changes called dysbiosis, and when those changes occur, the immune system collapses further because it becomes impossible to absorb them properly in the intestine. In that case, there are results that good intestinal bacteria can grow by extracting intestinal bacteria from healthy people's feces and transplanting them to sick people, so it is actually used by many people.

◆ Choi Soo-young: So you mean that intestinal bacteria are applied regardless of their constitution?

☆ Lee Seongdae: Yes. That's what normally turns into a good gut bacterial environment when good people receive a stool transplant.

◆ Choi Soo-young: Fecal transplantation. Other than that, it's the best if we increase our intestinal beneficial bacteria by ourselves. I think lifestyle and food I eat are all related, but what should I do to increase the beneficial bacteria in my intestine?

☆ Lee Sung-dae: Let me tell you this first. There are many people who think of it as beneficial bacteria and lactobacillus.

◆ Choi Soo-young: Beneficial bacteria are beneficial to the body.

☆ Lee Seong-dae: Lactobacillus is not harmful to the body, but the beneficial bacteria that we often talk about are not lactobacillus. Then what is lactobacillus? It helps beneficial bacteria. This lactobacillus plays a role in helping beneficial bacteria grow better and make the intestinal environment better. In order for these beneficial bacteria to work well, there needs to be enough food. Carbohydrates are used as food. And they are root types of vegetables with a lot of dietary fiber. There are many people who are low carbon dioxide levels because of their diet, but reducing carbohydrates unconditionally is not good for intestinal health. Rather, it is not good to ban carbohydrates unconditionally and eat only fatty and protein because there are many healthy intestinal microorganisms to prevent obesity and slim down. It's a good idea to eat a lot of dietary fiber that can give you proper carbohydrates and nutrients.

◆ Choi Soo-young: The listener texted me. "Hello." I am a 65-year-old male. How many years does the intestinal examination take? '

☆ Lee Seong-dae: One of the reasons for intestinal examination is a polyp in the large intestine that causes colon cancer. Depending on the result of the polyp, it may change slightly. There are some types of polyps that can lead to cancer and others that don't. The type of polyp that can lead to cancer is called adenoma. When adenomas are found, and when there are multiple polyps, and when the size of the polyps is large, the normal cycle is about two to three years.

◆ Choi Soo-young: Should I do it a little more often if I'm 65? Or would that be about 2 years?

☆ Lee Seong-dae: It's 2 years, 3 years. As I said earlier, there are adenomas that are large or close to cancer among adenomas. People with that type of adenoma are high-risk groups that may be more prone to polyps. In that case, it's a little shorter than the two or three years I mentioned. Usually, you don't do it every year, and then take a look a year later and receive it every two or three years depending on the result.

◆ Choi Soo-young: You mean we should continue to follow up. It's a text from another listener. "I've been feeling uncomfortable for a while, as if my stomach is purring and I'm full of gas. I can't digest well. People around me say it looks like irritable bowel syndrome, but I'm sorry because I don't have diarrhea. ’ You said this, but is it such a symptom?

☆ Lee Sung-dae: This may be a symptom of pre-sensitivity bowel syndrome. Usually, diarrhea is called irritable bowel syndrome. In some cases, constipation is dominant, and in some cases, constipation and diarrhea are alternated. In the case of irritable bowel syndrome, which is the predominant type of constipation that does not cause diarrhea, the gas is more full. When there's a lot of gas, there's a lot of bubbling. When discharging these things, the intestines have to exercise, so contraction can cause abdominal pain, and the symptoms of the person who talked about these symptoms can be said to be one of irritable bowel syndrome.

◆ Choi Soo-young: We also talk about this. The shape of the stool also determines whether irritable bowel syndrome occurs. Is that true?

☆ This term has some association.

◆ Choi Soo-young: So you're looking at the shape of the excrement?

☆ Lee Sung-dae: Yes. The shape of the stool is called Bristol, England, which has been studied a lot. There, I divided the bowel conditions into seven categories. The first step is as firm as goat poo. The seventh one is watery. The fourth one comes out like banana poop, and if this aspect of the stool goes toward diarrhea, you can suspect irritable bowel syndrome. If the amount of stool decreases or the pattern changes like this, you can suspect irritable bowel syndrome.

◆ Choi Soo-young: Then this person is a doubt.

☆ Lee Sung-dae: Yes, as I said, it is possible that it is irritable bowel syndrome in the form of a gas-filled side of constipation, although it does not go toward diarrhea.

◆ Choi Soo-young: So patients with irritable bowel syndrome eat. I think we should be a little careful with the regimen, but then irritable bowel syndrome is suspected or patients should change their food or habits. You're an expert, so please give me that advice.

☆ Lee Seong-dae: People with irritable bowel syndrome should control food and stress together. As I said earlier, microorganisms, intestines, and brains are connected together, so you need to pay attention to that because the intestinal condition can change in stressful situations. Westernized foods are not good for the intestines.

◆ Choi Soo-young: Pizza, hamburgers, food or bread.

☆ Lee Sung-dae: Correct. flour-like refined varieties And the meat is refined ham and processed meat. It's known that those things aren't very good. White rice is not good, either. It's good to have mixed grains and root vegetables with a lot of dietary fiber that's good for food as I mentioned earlier.

◆ Choi Soo-young: Root vegetables are the keyword that penetrates your words all the time. Isn't that really beneficial?

☆ Lee Seong-dae: When you go to a restaurant, don't just eat carbs and soup while various Korean foods are served, but eat lotus root when lotus root comes out or bellflower root together will help improve intestinal health.

◆ Choi Soo-young: Yes, I'll keep that in mind. If you don't get stressed, you can't get rid of it well, so it'll be much better if you eat it in the long run. The listener texted me again. 'It's a lot of constipation. If you drink sweet coffee with syrup on an empty stomach in the morning, you can at least have a bowel movement. I call it the enema latte. In fact, you can't see healthy stools. But I think it will be better than constipation, so I drink it steadily, but I don't know what intestinal health will be like.'

☆ Lee Seong-dae: Yes, I think it may be something that everyone with constipation will sympathize with. There are a lot of people who say that the enema you mentioned is that if you eat a specific brand of it, you'll feel comfortable defecating. I think it's not just unemployment, but the dairy products that go into it are more likely to affect it. We Asians have fewer or no elements in the stomach that break down lactose. For those people, if you eat things like enema latte and dolce latte, your intestinal exercise becomes active. If your stomach is bubbling like that, the large intestine next to you also sends a signal. Then the bowel is already defecated. That's how you work out hard. I think you had an effect because of the principle that if the large intestine exercises hard, the stool comes out to the anus.

◆ Choi Soo-young: Constipation is an unspeakable concern in our daily lives. In order to escape constipation, there are talk of stomach massage and sitting on the toilet, and there are many things here. Is there anything you want to recommend about getting out of constipation?

☆ Lee Seong-dae: We need to supply something well for all the results to come out. Just as you need to supply good ingredients and enough amount to come out with a good product, you need to eat well to comfortably look at your bowels. You have to eat well and eat something good. The roots I mentioned earlier are also related. The first thing to do is to eat enough fiber-rich foods. Second, there are people with weak bowel movements. Since it varies from person to person, massage to activate those things actually works a little bit. However, aerobic exercise is a little better than massage. It's good to jump rope, too. Doing so improves your exercise power like your intestine and helps with constipation a little more.

◆ Choi Soo-young: I experience it too, but after cardio, I suddenly go to the bathroom that I didn't go to.

☆ This variable definitely changes the state of the stool.

◆ Choi Soo-young: Constipation should be accompanied by light exercise along with eating.

☆ Lee Seong-dae: If you've done that and it's still not resolved, there are some pathological situations in some cases. In that case, you can treat it through medication or tests to check what kind of disease you have.

◆ Choi Soo-young: There are a lot of our listeners who drive. There are a lot of people who drive public transportation by bus or taxi, and they texted me. "I'm driving a bus and I have a stomachache all the time. Is there a way to put up with the so-called sudden dung? There are more than a few times when you're in trouble on the road. ’ Bus drivers have to endure it until they get to the bus stop where there is a toilet that can be used.

☆ Lee Seong-dae: That's why some people don't eat it well. There's nothing very special about how to put up with a sudden whirlwind. Changing the aspect of your stool is the best way. The reason is that the very end of our body is the anus, but the anus is surrounded by sphincters. There is a limit to the amount of time this sphincter can hold. 15 to 20 seconds is the maximum, and after that, it unravels. If it unravels, if the stool has a shape, it is less likely to make mistakes, but if the stool is soft, it can be out of control. So controlling the stool condition is the most effective way to withstand sudden dung. And it's just a personal opinion, but when you get a signal, you're tight and you're driving, so you can't close your eyes, but you're breathing. If you breathe in and out slowly, your intestinal exercise will be slightly reduced. This will reduce the irritation. Alternatively, warming your stomach a little can be one way to reduce bowel movements while reducing bowel signals. I'd like you to do that when you're in a hurry.

◆ Choi Soo-young: This is the next text. "Director, is it possible to have an early cancer screening with just a blood test? ’

☆ Lee Sung-dae: Some are correct. To be precise, there is a blood test that diagnoses cancer called a cancer marker test. Cancer can be suspected if the abnormal level is higher than normal in the cancer marker test. I can't confirm it with a blood test. If you need a biopsy in such a suspicious situation, you should do a biopsy and confirm it by doing an endoscopy or a CT scan. Some of them are correct.

◆ Choi Soo-young: Yes, the last question. "I make yogurt every morning and eat a mixture of bananas, nuts, apples, and baked eggs. How about this for your intestinal health? '

☆ Lee Sung-dae : Very good. I told you that each person has their own intestinal bacteria. When yogurt, bananas, apples, etc. are in it, if it's right for the microorganisms in it, it will be very effective. However, if you don't match me among the ingredients in it, you may have bowel movements such as swelling and diarrhea. I think all the ingredients in the ingredients you mentioned earlier are very good. Individually. However, if you have any uncomfortable symptoms when you collect them, it would be better to take them out one by one and check them.

◆ Choi Soo-young: Okay. Today's <Geon. I looked into bowel health. Thank you for the words of Lee Sung-dae, head of Seoul Port Surgery.